As a Pointing Sign: 1. Used immediately before or after a verb to mean the signer does the action of the verb alone (i.e., without anyone else present) or without the help of anyone else (i.e. the signer is the only person responsible for the action). English = myself, independently. 2. Used immediately before or after a verb, but usually after, to mean the action of the verb was done by the signer to the signer, not by anyone or anything else to the signer, i.e., it makes the verb reflexive. English = myself.